Civillian Awards in India

The Government of India instituted two civilian awards-Bharat Ratna & Padma Vibhushan in 1954. The latter had three classes namely Pahela Varg, Dusra Varg and Tisra Varg. These were subsequently renamed as Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri vide Presidential Notification issued on January 8, 1955.

The Padma Awards are one of the highest civilian honours of India announced annually on the eve of Republic Day. The Awards are given in three categories: Padma Vibhushan (for exceptional and distinguished service), Padma Bhushan (distinguished service of higher order) and Padma Shri (distinguished service). The award seeks to recognize achievements in all fields of activities or disciplines where an element of public service is involved.

Bharat Ratna

Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the country. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service/perforance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. It is treated on a different footing from Padma Award. The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President of India. No formal recommendations for Bharat Ratna are necessary. The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year.

The first receiver of this award was politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C.V. Raman. Since 1954, Bharat Ratna Award has been presented to 45 individuals including 12 who were awarded posthumous awards. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously.

Let us now look at the list of the Bharat Ratna Awardees since 1954 t0 2021:

Bharat Ratna Award- 2019 Awardees

1.     Nanaji Deshmukh

2.     Bhupen Hazarika

3.     Pranab Mukherjee

Bharat Ratna Award- 2015 Awardees

1.     Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee

2.     Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (Posthumous)

Bharat Ratna Award- 2014 Awardees

1.     Shri Sachin Tendulkar

2.     Professor C. N. R. Rao

Bharat Ratna Award- 2009 Awardee

1.     Pandit Bhimsen Joshi

Bharat Ratna Award- 2001 Awardees

1.     Bismillah Khan

2.     Sushri Lata Mangeshkar 

Bharat Ratna Award- 1999 Awardees

1.      Ravi Shankar

2.     Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumous)

3.     Professor Amartya Sen

4.     Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan (Posthumous)

Bharat Ratna Award- 1998 Awardees

1.     Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam

2.     Smt M.S. Subbulakshmi

Bharat Ratna Award- 1997 Awardees

1.     Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

2.     Smt Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous)

3.     Shri Gulzarilal Nanda

Bharat Ratna Award- 1992 Awardees

1.     Shri Satyajit Ray

2.     Shri J.R.D Tata

3.     Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous)

Bharat Ratna Award- 1991 Awardees

1.     Shri Morarji Desai

2.     Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous)

3.     Shri Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous)

Bharat Ratna Award- 1990 Awardees

1.     Nelson Mandela

2.     Dr B.R Ambedkar

Bharat Ratna Award- 1988 Awardee

1.     Shri M.G Ramachandran

Bharat Ratna Award- 1987 Awardee

1.     Ghaffar Khan

Bharat Ratna Award- 1983 Awardee

1.     Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave

Bharat Ratna Award- 1980 Awardee

1.     Mother Teresa

Bharat Ratna Award- 1976 Awardee

1.     Shri K. Kamaraj (Posthumous)

Bharat Ratna Award- 1975 Awardee

1.     Shri V.V Giri

Bharat Ratna Award- 1971 Awardee

1.     Smt Indira Gandhi

Bharat Ratna Award- 1966 Awardee

1.     Shri Lal Bahadur Shashtri (Posthumous)

Bharat Ratna Award- 1963 Awardee

1.     . Prandurang Vaman Kane

Bharat Ratna Award- 1962 Awardees

1.     Husain

2.     Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Bharat Ratna Award- 1961 Awardees

1.     Shri Purushottam Das Tandon

2.     Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy

Bharat Ratna Award- 1958 Awardee

1.     Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve

Bharat Ratna Award- 1957 Awardee

1.     Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant

Bharat Ratna Award- 1955 Awardees

1.     Pt Jawaharlal Nehru

2.     Dr. M Visvesvaraya

3.     Dr. Bhagwan Das

Bharat Ratna Award- 1954 Awardees

1.     Dr. C V Raman

2.     Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

3.     Shri C. Rajagopalachari

Padma Awards

Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, is announced every year on the occasion of Republic Day except for brief interruption(s) during the years 1978 and 1979 and 1993 to 1997.

The Award is given in three categories, namely 

·       Padma Vibhushan for exceptional and distinguished service;

·       Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order; and

·       Padma Shri for distinguished service.

The award seeks to recognize works of distinction and is given for distinguished and exceptional achievements/service in all fields of activities/disciplines.

An illustrative list of the fields is as under:

·       Art

·       Social work

·       Public Affairs

·       Science & Engineering

·       Trade & Industry

·       Medicine

·       Literature & Education

·       Civil Service

·       Sports

·       Others (fields not covered above and may include propagation of Indian Culture, protection of Human Rights, Wild Life protection/conservation etc.)

Padma Vibhushan Awardees-2021

1. Shinzo Abe (Public Affairs) Japan

2. SP Balasubramaniam (Posthumous) Art Tamil Nadu

3. Dr. Belle Monappa Hegde (Medicine) Karnataka

4. Narinder Singh Kapany (Posthumous) Science and Engineering USA

5. Maulana Wahiduddin Khan (Spiritualism) Delhi

6. BB Lal (Archaeology) Delhi

7. Sudarshan Sahoo (Art) Odisha Selection Process

These awards seek to recognize work of any distinction, and is given for distinguished and exceptional achievements/service in all fields of activities/disciplines, such as art, literature and education, sports, medicine, social work, science and engineering, public affairs, civil service, trade and industry, etc. All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards.

In 2015, the government decided to end the practice of ministers recommending names for Padma awards and replaced it with any Indian citizen recommending a person for Padma awards online. The government said that this was done with the belief that every citizen has something to contribute to the nation and that contribution should be integrated with the country's growth. Accordingly, several hitherto unknown citizens were awarded Padma awards in 2017. The role of the state governments was also minimised.

Padma Awards Committee

The Padma Awards Committee is headed by the Cabinet Secretary and includes Home Secretary, Secretary to the President and four to six eminent persons as members. The recommendations of the committee are submitted to the Prime Minister and the President of India for approval.

The awards are presented by the President of India usually in the month of March/April every year where the awardees are presented a certificate signed by the President and a medallion.

The recipients are also given a small replica of the medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if the awardees so desire.

No. of Awardees as of 2021

Bharat Ratna- 48

Padma Vibhushan- 321

Padma Bhushan- 1281

Padma Shri- 3225

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