National Urban Health Mission

The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a sub-mission of National Health Mission (NHM) has been approved by the Cabinet on 1st May 2013.NUHM envisages to meet health care needs of the urban population with the focus on urban poor, by making available to them essential primary health care services and reducing their out of pocket expenses for treatment. This will be achieved by strengthening the existing health care service delivery system, targeting the people living in slums and converging with various schemes relating to wider determinants of health like drinking water, sanitation, school education, etc. implemented by the Ministries of Urban Development, Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Human Resource Development and Women & Child Development.

Objectives and Components of NUHM

As a part of the overarching National Health Mission, the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) aims to ensure the following:

1.    Availability of resources for addressing the health problems in urban areas, especially among the urban poor.

2.    Develop a health care system based on the specific health needs of the city. This system will take care of vulnerable and poor sections of the urban population and meet the diverse medical and health needs.

3.    Partnership with the community for more proactive involvement in planning, implementation and monitoring of health activities.

4.    Growth in urban population is directly proportional to their health risks. These challenges need to be fixed by a mechanism involving different institutions and management systems.

5.    Framework for partnership with NGOs, for profit and not for profit health service providers and other stakeholders.

NUHM would cover all cities/towns with a population of more than 50000. Towns below 50000 populations will be covered under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).

Components of NUHM

1.    Population Policy

                    i.         The National Population Policy (2000) not only focused on the unmet needs of contraception but also stressed the need for integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care.

                  ii.         Accordingly, the long-term goals set under this policy envisaged a reduction in

a.     Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement levels,

b.    Infant Mortality Rate of less than 30/1000 live births and

c.     Maternal Mortality Ratio to less than 100/100,000 live births by 2010

2.    Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh (JSK)

                    i.         The National Population Stabilisation Fund was constituted under the National Commission on Population in July 2000.

                  ii.         Subsequently, it was transferred to the Department of Health and Family Welfare in April 2002.

                iii.          It was renamed and reconstituted as Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh (JSK) under the Societies Registration Act (1860) on June 2003.

3.    Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping

                i.         As part of this initiative, JSK mapped 450 districts in India through a unique amalgamation of GIS maps and Census data.

              ii.         The mapping gives a picture of each district, its subdivisions and the population of every village along with the distance to the health facility.

            iii.         The maps highlight inequities in coverage down to the village level to enable resources to be targeted where they are needed the most.

Funding Pattern of NUHM

The Funding necessary for this scheme is split between the Central government and the State government.

                i.         The centre-state funding is split in 75:25 ratio for all the States except North-Eastern states including Sikkim and other special category states like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and J&K.

              ii.         For these states, the centre-state funding will be split in 90:10 ratio.

            iii.         The Programme Implementation Plans (PIPs) sent by the states are appraised and approved by the Ministry.


Link for National Rural Health Mission is given below:

https://ourdiverseindia.blogspot.com/2022/01/national-rural-health-mission.html

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