National Urban Health Mission
The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a
sub-mission of National Health Mission (NHM) has been approved by the Cabinet
on 1st May 2013.NUHM envisages to meet health care needs of the urban
population with the focus on urban poor, by making available to them essential
primary health care services and reducing their out of pocket expenses for
treatment. This will be achieved by strengthening the existing health care
service delivery system, targeting the people living in slums and converging
with various schemes relating to wider determinants of health like drinking
water, sanitation, school education, etc. implemented by the Ministries of
Urban Development, Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Human Resource
Development and Women & Child Development.
Objectives and Components of NUHM
As a part of the overarching National Health Mission,
the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) aims to ensure the following:
1. Availability
of resources for addressing the health problems in urban areas, especially
among the urban poor.
2. Develop
a health care system based on the specific health needs of the city. This
system will take care of vulnerable and poor sections of the urban population
and meet the diverse medical and health needs.
3. Partnership
with the community for more proactive involvement in planning, implementation
and monitoring of health activities.
4. Growth
in urban population is directly proportional to their health risks. These
challenges need to be fixed by a mechanism involving different institutions and
management systems.
5. Framework
for partnership with NGOs, for profit and not for profit health service
providers and other stakeholders.
NUHM would cover all cities/towns with a population of
more than 50000. Towns below 50000 populations will be covered under the
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
Components of NUHM
1. Population
Policy
i.
The National Population Policy (2000) not
only focused on the unmet needs of contraception but also stressed the need for
integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care.
ii.
Accordingly, the long-term goals set under
this policy envisaged a reduction in
a. Total
Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement levels,
b. Infant
Mortality Rate of less than 30/1000 live births and
c. Maternal Mortality Ratio to less than 100/100,000 live births by 2010
2. Jansankhya
Sthirata Kosh (JSK)
i.
The National Population Stabilisation Fund
was constituted under the National Commission on Population in July 2000.
ii.
Subsequently, it was transferred to the
Department of Health and Family Welfare in April 2002.
iii. It was renamed and reconstituted as Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh (JSK) under the Societies Registration Act (1860) on June 2003.
3. Geographical
Information System (GIS) Mapping
i.
As part of this initiative, JSK mapped 450
districts in India through a unique amalgamation of GIS maps and Census data.
ii.
The mapping gives a picture of each
district, its subdivisions and the population of every village along with the
distance to the health facility.
iii.
The maps highlight inequities in coverage
down to the village level to enable resources to be targeted where they are
needed the most.
Funding Pattern of NUHM
The Funding necessary for this scheme is split between
the Central government and the State government.
i.
The centre-state funding is split in 75:25
ratio for all the States except North-Eastern states including Sikkim and other
special category states like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and J&K.
ii.
For these states, the centre-state funding
will be split in 90:10 ratio.
iii.
The Programme Implementation Plans (PIPs)
sent by the states are appraised and approved by the Ministry.
Link for National Rural Health Mission is given below:
https://ourdiverseindia.blogspot.com/2022/01/national-rural-health-mission.html
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